USA German Shepherd Breed
Standard

Introduction

The United Schutzhund Clubs of America Inc. is a German Shepherd Dog
Breed Organization guided by the rules of the organization of origin of the
German Shepherd Dog, the "Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV)" in
Germany and is strongly devoted to create and promote the German
Shepherd Dog in its original breeding as a working dog. The United
Schutzhund Clubs of America Inc. is a member of the "World Union of
German Shepherd Dog Clubs" and accepts the by-laws of this organization
in regards to the breeding rules of German Shepherd Dogs.

The following translation of the German Shepherd Dog F.C.I. Standard, MO.
166/23.03.1991/D translated from the SV publication 1998 has been submitted
by Johannes Grewe and is recommended by the 1998 Breed Advisory
Committee for approval by the Executive Board at their meeting in 1998.

The "Standard" is part of the USA By-laws.

The following "Standard" has been approved by the Executive Board at the
meeting inBangor, Maine, on May 6, 1998.

GERMAN SHEPHERD

F.C.I.-Standard-Mo. 166/23.03.1991/D
Edition 1993

Short Historical Overview

In accordance with the official provisions of the German Shepherd Dog Club
(SV) e.V., located in Augsburg, a member of the Federation of Dog Clubs in
Germany (VDH) is the founding organization of the German Shepherd Dog
and therefore, responsible for the breed standard. Work on this document
was begun at the first membership meeting in Frankfurt/M on September 20,
1899 and is based on proposals by A. Meyer and v. Stephanitz. Additions and
revisions to the standard were made as follows: membership meeting on
July 28, 1901; 23rd membership meeting on September 17, 1909 in Koln;
Board and Executive Committee Meeting on September 5, 1930 in
Wiesbaden, and the Breeders Committee and Board Meeting on March 25,
1961 in conjunction with the WUSV (World Union of German Shepherd Clubs)
and during the WUSV Meeting on August 30, 1976 where the standard was
agreed upon, revised, and approved by the Board and Executive Committee
on March 23 and 24, 1991.

Planned breeding activities began after the inception of the SV in 1899. The
German Shepherd Dog was developed from herding dogs in service during
that time in Middle and Southern Germany. The goal was to produce a high-
performance working dog. To accomplish this goal, the Breed Standard of
the German Shepherd Dog was created. This document addresses both
physical qualities as well as character attributes.

General Appearance

The German Shepherd Dog is medium sized, slightly longer than tall, strong
and well muscled, bone is dry, the whole dog presenting a picture of
firmness.

Important Measurements

Height at the withers for males: 60 - 65 cm, bitches: 55 - 60 cm. Length of
torso exceeds height at the withers by 10 - 17%.

Character

The German Shepherd should appear poised, calm, self confident,
absolutely at ease, and (except when agitated) good natured, but also
attentive and willing to serve. He must have courage, fighting drive, and
hardness in order to serve as companion, watchdog, protection dog,
service dog, and herding dog.

Head

The head is wedge-shaped and in harmony with the dog’s size (length app.
40% of height at the withers) without being coarse or overly long. The head
should appear dry, and moderately wide between the ears. Seen from the
front and side, the forehead is only slightly domed, the center furrow is
either absent or only slightly visible. The length ratio of skull to face is 50 :
50%. Skull width approximately equals skull length. Seen from above, the
skull slopes into a wedge-shaped muzzle. The stop should not be
pronounced. Upper and lower jaws are strong, the bridge of the nose
should be straight, not a Roman nose or dish-faced nose. Lips are taut, well
closed and of dark color.

The Nose

The nose should be black.

Teeth

The teeth must be strong and complete in number (42 teeth as per formula).
The German Shepherd has a scissor bite, where the upper incisors must
meet the lower incisors in a scissor grip. Level bite, overshot and
undershot teeth are faulty, as well as widely spaced teeth. A straight incisor
tooth line is also faulty. Jawbones must be well developed, to permit deep
rooting of the teeth in the gum.

The Eyes

The eyes are medium sized, almond-shaped, set slightly oblique and not
protruding. The color should be as dark as possible

Ears

The German Shepherd has medium-sized, upright ears which are carried
erect and perpendicular to one another, pointed and open to the front.
Tipped ears and hanging ears are faulty. Laid-back ears are not faulty when
the dog is in motion or resting.

Neck

The neck is strong, well-muscled, and clean cut (without folds of loose skin).
The angle of neck to torso is approximately 45 degrees.

Body

The top line extends from the point where the neck meets the skull past the
well developed withers and the gently downward sloping back to the slightly
sloping croup without a visible break. The back is firm, strong, and well
muscled. The loin is broad, well developed, and strongly muscled. The
croup should be long and have a slight downward slope (approximately 23
degrees from horizontal) and should merge smoothly into the tail set.

Chest

The chest should be of moderate width, the underchest long and
pronounced. Chest depth should be approximately 45 to 48% of height at the
withers. The ribs should be moderately sprung. Barrel shaped or flat ribs
are faulty.

Tail

The tail reaches at least to the hock joint, but not past the halfway point of
the hock itself. The coat is slightly longer on the underside of the tail. The
tail hangs in a soft, saber-like curve. When the dog is excited or in motion,
the tail is somewhat raised, but should not reach past the horizontal line.
Surgical corrections are not permitted.

Limbs

Forelegs

Seen from all sides, the forelegs are straight and absolutely parallel when
viewed from the front.

Shoulder and upper arms are of equal length. Both are held snugly to the
body by strong muscles. Angulation of shoulder blade to the upper arm
ideally is 90 degrees, but up to 110 degrees is permissible.

Elbows may not turn out when the dog is standing or in motion or be
pinched inward. The lower legs viewed from all sides are straight and
absolutely parallel, dry, and well muscled. The pastern measures about 1/3
of the forearm length and is angled 20-22 degrees to the foreleg. Pasterns
with an angle of more than 22 degrees or very steep pasterns (less than 20
degrees) reduce working capability especially, endurance.

Paws

The paws are rounded, tight, and arched. The soles are hard, but not brittle.
The nails are strong and dark.

Hind Legs

The rear legs have a pronounced rounded knee or turn of stifle which
projects the dog's rear quarter well behind the point of the pelvis. Seen
from the rear, the hind legs are parallel to one another. Upper and lower
thighs are of approximately the same length and form an angle of 120
degrees. Thighs are strong and well muscled.

The hock joint is strong and dry and the hock stands upright under the joint.

Paws

The paws are tight, slightly arched, the balls of the feet are hard and dark,
nails strong, arched, and dark.

Gait

The German Shepherd is a trotting dog. Length and angulation of front and
rear legs must be in proper proportion to one another to permit the dog to
move the rear leg underneath the body, matching the reach of the rear legs
with that of the front legs and at the same time, keeping the topline over the
back relatively undisturbed. Any tendency for over-angulation of the rear
reduces firmness and endurance of the dog and therefore, working
capability. Correct body proportions and angulation result in a ground-
covering gait which moves close to the ground and conveys the impression
of effortless movement. With the head held slightly forward and the tail
slightly lifted, the dog trotting evenly and smoothly, we see a softly moving
topline which flows without interruption from neck to tail tip.

Skin

The skin covers the body loosely, but without folds.

Coat

Coat Characteristics

The correct coat for the German Shepherd is a stock coat (outer and under
coat). The top coat should be as tight as possible, straight, coarse, and
clinging closely to the undercoat. The head, including the inside of the ears,
the front of the legs, the paws, and toes have short hair. Neck hair is longer
and thicker. On the rear side of the legs, hair length increases downward to
the pastern and hock. The rear of the thighs is covered show moderate
"pants".

Pigment

Black with reddish brown, brown, tan to light-grey markings. Solid black,
grey with darker overcast, black saddle and mask. Inconspicuous small
white chest markings, as well as lighter pigment on the inside of the legs is
permitted, but not desirable. All dogs, no matter what their color, must have
black noses.

Missing mask, light to white markings on the chest and inner leg sides, light
toenails, and a red tail tip are signs of faulty pigmentation. Undercoat has a
slight grey cast. White is not permissible.

Size/Weight

Males: Height at the wither 60 cm to 65 cm
Weight 30 kg to 40 kg.

Females: Height at the wither 55 cm to 60 cm
Weight 22 kg - 32 kg

Testicles

Visual inspection must show two normally developed testicles fully
descended into the scrotum.

Faults

Any deviations from the above listed points are considered faults. Points
deducted must be in accordance with severity of the deviation.

Severe Faults

Deviations from the breed characteristics described above which
compromise the working ability of the animal.

Ear Faults: ears set too low, tipped ears, overset ears, and soft ears.

Considerable lack of pigment.

Firmness strongly compromised.

Faults of Dentition:

All deviation from scissor bite and number of teeth, unless they are
disqualifying faults.

Disqualifying Faults

a) Character weakness, nervous biters, and dogs with a weak nervous
system;

b) Dogs with documented "severe hip dysplasia";

c) Monorchids and cryptorchids as well as dogs with testicles of visibly
uneven size or shrunken testicles;

d) Dogs with disfiguring ears and/or tails;

e) Malformed dogs;

f) Tooth faults as follows:

1. Missing 1 #3 premolar and one additional tooth;

2. Missing 1 canine tooth or

3. Missing 1 #4 premolar, or

4. Missing 1 molar #1 or #2 or

5. Missing a total number of 3 teeth and/or more;

g) Dogs with bite faults: overbite of 2 mm or more, or undershot; level bite;

h) Dogs that measure more than 1 cm over or under regulation size;

i) Albinism;

j) White coat (incl. those with dark eyes and nails);

k) Long stock coat (long, soft loosely fitting outer coat with undercoat, flags
on ears and legs, bushy pants and bushy tail with flag on underside);

l) Long coat (long, soft outer coat without undercoat). This coat type
frequently is parted along the center line of the back, has flags on ears,
legs, and tail.


The breed survey is the ultimate instrument used as the selection method
for the German Shepherd Dog Breed. It is absolutely necessary for the
preservation and advancement of this breed.

Originally developed in Germany for their domestic stock, in 1922 the breed
survey also became the tool used as a resource for breeding the German
Shepherd Dog.  Simply explained, German Shepherd Dogs need a
certificate for reproduction.

This certificate is issued by the USA/SV organization which follows a
special procedure where the breed survey judge evaluates the dog’s
temperament in different stimulus situations. The dog must always
demonstrate a friendly and self-confident character and in any situation,
must show control even when in confrontation with its own natural instincts.

After these tests the dog will be measured, weighed, and anatomically analyzed
in the stand position and also, when in movement.  Based on each dog’s
overall evaluation, it will be awarded the predicate Class I or Class II.  Of course,
not all dogs will be able to reach the level of these certificates.

The requirements to enter a dog in the breed survey event are not easy to
achieve.  They must be registered with the SV/USA organizations,
absolutely healthy, a minimum of 2 years of age, they must have
successfully completed an endurance test, received a rating of at least
“good” in a breed show, they must have obtained at least a performance title of
SchH 1 and must have certified hips. This may seem to be very restrictive,
but it makes sense since we are looking for animals within our whole
breed population, which have been selected based on their
temperament, performance, and anatomy to improve and advance the breed.

This is an ideal tool for breeders to be able to carefully plan all their future
breedings.


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USA Breed Survey Regulations

1.  GENERAL
The United Schutzhund Clubs of America (USA) is a German Shepherd Dog breed
organization guided by the rules of the founding organization of German
Shepherd Dogs, the Verein für Deutsche Schäferhunde (SV) in Germany, with the
objective of preserving the breed in accordance with the breed standard as a
working dog. The USA Breed Survey Regulations coincide with the SV
regulations; however, they have been somewhat modified to conform to the
needs of USA.

The USA Breed Survey Regulations govern all breed survey activities for the
German Shepherd Dog. The purpose of the USA Breed Survey Regulations is to
select breeding animals that, according to their temperament, performance, and
anatomical characteristics, are suitable for maintaining and improving the breed.

2.  USA SURVEY ORGANIZATION
2.1.  Breed Book Office  

The USA Breed Book Office checks all breed survey paperwork for correctness,
then processes and files the reports. The USA Breed Book Office publishes a USA
Breed Survey Book annually containing the data on all dogs that have been breed
surveyed in a USA event.

2.2.  Breed Survey Masters

USA appoints experienced USA breed judges to serve as breed survey masters
and also uses SV Körmeisters. The breed survey masters have no legal claim to
yearly breed survey assignments. Selection of breed survey masters lies with the
local clubs.   

2.3.  Breed Survey Season  

The season for breed surveys is from January 1st through December 31st of each
year. Dogs may be presented for surveying one time during each season.

2.4.  Breed Survey Entry Maximum  

The number of dogs for each survey day is limited to 50. If more than 50 dogs are
entered, an additional half-day must be added on the same weekend.   

2.5.  Legal   

2.5.1.  The decision of the breed survey master is final. Objections are not
permitted.

2.5.2.  Obtaining or losing breed survey status gives no legal claims to interested
parties or outsiders. Any claims for damages from interested parties (owners) or
outsiders arising from obtaining or losing breed survey status are denied.

2.5.3.  The owner of the dog is liable for any damage caused by the dog.  

3.        PREREQUISITES FOR BREED SURVEY PARTICIPATION

3.1.  USA Registration
Dogs must be registered with USA if the owner resides in the United       States.  

3.2.  USA Membership  

Owners of the dogs must be current members of USA if residing in the United
States. If the dog is co-owned, the signature-authorized owner must be a current
USA member.  

3.3.  Age Requirement  

Dogs must be a minimum of two years old in the year of the survey.  

3.4.  Performance Title  

Dogs must have at least one performance title (SchH1-3, VPG1-3, IP1-3, or HGH)
obtained under a USA-recognized performance judge, and a BH obtained under a
WUSV-recognized judge. Dogs with an HGH title are not required to have a BH
title.  

3.5.  Endurance Test  

Dogs must have passed an endurance test (AD) under a USA-recognized judge;
however, this requirement is waived for dogs with an HGH title and dogs that are
six years and older.  

3.6.  Hip Certification  

Dogs must have a USA-recognized hip certification with tattoo number or
microchip identification. Note: Check with the USA Office for a current list of
recognized hip certifications.   

3.7.  Breed Show Rating  

Dogs must have a breed show rating of at least “good” obtained under a USA-
recognized breed judge in the youth, young dog, or working dog class.  

3.8.  USA-Recognized Judges  

The judges who are recognized by USA are USA judges, SV judges (including SV
foreign judges), and Canadian judges.   

3.9. Additional Prerequisites   

3.9.1.  Sick animals may not be presented.

3.9.2.  Females in season must be reported to the breed survey master, who
controls participation.

3.9.3.  Females in whelp must be reported to the breed survey master, who
controls participation.

3.9.4.  Dogs must be identifiable by a recognizable tattoo number.   

4.        SPONSORING LOCAL CLUBS  

4.1.            Prerequisites  

4.1.1.  Venue with the necessary accommodations and restrooms

4.1.2.  Trained assistants

4.1.3.  Breed survey secretary

4.2.        Required Equipment  

4.2.1.  Shelter for the breed survey master and breed survey secretary

4.2.2.  Sufficiently large ring

4.2.3.  Loudspeaker

4.2.4.  SV breed survey measuring stick

4.2.5.  Measuring tape (metric system)

4.2.6.  Scale (metric system)

4.2.7.  Two blank guns (6 mm) with adequate blank ammunition

4.2.8.  Numbered bibs or armbands for dog handlers   

4.3.  Duties of Breed Survey Secretary  

4.3.1.  Mail breed survey entry forms a minimum of three weeks in  advance.

4.3.2.  Check submitted documents for completeness and correctness, and check
eligibility of dogs for entering breed survey.

4.3.3.  Confirm that owners who are residents of the United States are USA
members

4.3.4. Prepare Körlisten and temporary breed survey certificates and have them
ready for the breed survey master either prior to or at the start of the survey. The
forms are available from the USA Breed Book Office.

4.3.5.  Inform the breed survey master regarding receipt and number of entries.

4.3.6.  Provide a catalogue-like list of participants that is divided by males and
females, and first and repeat breed surveys.

4.3.7.  Submit the checked documents for each dog to the breed survey master
before the start of the breed survey.  

5.        REGISTERING FOR THE SURVEY  

The following documents must be submitted no later than the day of the breed
survey:  

5.1.   Original USA-recognized pedigree showing proof of USA registration.   

5.2.   Original breed show rating book/card showing proof of breed show rating.  

5.3.  Original scorebook showing proof of AD, BH, and one performance title.  

5.4. Original hip certificate showing proof of USA-recognized hip certification with
tattoo number or microchip identification, if not entered on the pedigree.  

5.5.  Original breed survey report in cases of resurvey.  

5.6. Original signature authorization form for dogs that are co-owned, unless
previously submitted to the USA Breed Book Office (form available from the USA
Breed Book Office).  

5.7. Photocopy of USA membership card.  

6.  SURVEY PROCEDURE  

6.1. Temperament Test  

The breed survey master must subject each dog to a temperament test.
Temperament evaluation may extend throughout the entire survey. According to
the standard, the dog must display sound temperament; i.e., be carefree, self-
confident, and good-natured and have steady nerves.  

6.2.  Gun Test  

From a distance of at least 15 paces, at least two shots must be fired from a blank
gun (6 mm). The dog must not have a negative reaction to the gunfire.  

6.3  Protection Work Execution – Surprise Attack with Guarding  

6.3.1.   The handler reports to the breed survey master with the dog on leash.

6.3.2.  Upon instruction by the breed survey master, the handler assumes the
basic position at a marked spot 30 paces from the blind and takes the leash off
the dog.

6.3.3.  The leash must be placed around the shoulder or in the pocket of the
handler.

6.3.4.  Upon a signal from the breed survey master, the handler walks toward the
blind with the free-heeling dog.

6.3.5.  The dog must stay closely at heel.

6.3.6.  Upon a signal from the breed survey master, the helper performs an attack
while making threatening noises. The attack occurs when handler and dog are
five paces away from the blind.

6.3.7.  The dog must counter the attack immediately and confidently and must bite
hard and full.

6.3.8.  Once the dog has a grip on the sleeve, the helper applies two stick hits
with a soft stick on either the thighs, the sides, or in the area of the withers.

6.3.9.  The handler may verbally encourage the dog to counter the attack.

6.3.10.  Upon a signal from the breed survey master, the helper stops the attack
and stands still.

6.3.11.  The dog must release either on its own or upon receiving the verbal
command “aus/out” and must guard the helper.

6.3.12.  The breed survey master gives the handler the instruction to step up to
the dog.

6.3.13.  The handler puts the dog on leash and receives the instruction from the
breed survey master to step into the assigned blind.



6.4. Protection Work Execution – Attack, Fight, and Guarding  

6.4.1.  The breed survey master tells the handler to leave the assigned blind and
take the position on the centerline.

6.4.2.  The handler takes the dog off leash and holds the dog by the collar.

6.4.3.  The dog must stay in this position until he is sent to counter the attack with
the verbal command “voran/go on.”

6.4.4.  Upon receiving a signal from the breed survey master, the helper leaves
the assigned blind, which is located at a distance of approximately 70-80 paces
from the handler, and walks across the field at a normal pace.

6.4.5.  The handler verbally commands the helper to stop by shouting “stop/stand
still.”

6.4.6.  The helper ignores the command and performs a frontal attack on the
handler and the dog.

6.4.7.  Immediately after the attack begins, the breed survey master gives the
handler the instruction to counter the attack/send the dog.

6.4.8.  The handler immediately sends his dog with the verbal command “voran/go
on” and stands still.

6.4.9.  The dog must energetically counter the attack with drive and with a strong,
full, sure, and calm grip.

6.4.10.  Once the dog has a grip on the sleeve, and after a brief pressure phase,
the helper stops the attack on a signal from the breed survey master. No stick
hits are given.

6.4.11.  Thereafter, the dog must release either on its own or upon receiving the
verbal command “aus/out” and must guard the helper.

6.4.12.  Upon a signal from the breed survey master, the handler walks directly to
the dog at a normal pace and puts the dog on leash.

6.4.13.  With the dog on leash, the handler reports to the breed survey master
and then leaves the field.



6.5. Protection Work Scoring – Release  

6.5.1.  After the helper stops the attack, the dog must release on its own.

6.5.2.  The handler may give the first “aus/out” command on his/her own after a
reasonable time.

6.5.3.  If the dog does not release after the first “aus/out” command, the breed
survey master instructs the handler to give two more “aus/out” commands, if
necessary.

6.5.4.  When giving the “aus/out” command, the handler must stand still and may
not influence the dog in any way.

6.5.5.  If the dog's name is used, it is counted as an “aus/out” command.

6.5.6.  If the dog releases on its own when the handler approaches, it can still be
counted as a release; however, the handler must be at least five paces from the
dog at that time.

6.5.7.  If the dog releases on its own or in response to the “aus/out” command
after the attack and after the defense exercise; the rating “does release” is
awarded.

6.5.8.  If the dog does not release—even once—on its own or in response to the
“aus/out” command after the attack or after the defense exercise, the dog
receives the rating “does not release.”

6.5.9.  The breed survey ratings themselves are not affected by this rating.

6.5.10.  The breed survey master stays near the handler during the entire
protection routine, and keenly observes the behavior of dog and handler until
after the handler has picked up the dog.



6.6.  Protection Work Scoring – Evaluation of Instinctive Behavior, Self-
Confidence, and Ability to Cope with Stress (TSB)   

6.6.1.  The overall rating of the protection exercises is scored as “pronounced,”
“present,” or “insufficient.”

6.6.2.  Pronounced: Self-confident, intense, goal-oriented and secure gripping
and holding, no negative reactions to the stick hits, and close and attentive
watching in the guarding phases.

6.6.3.  Present: Deficiencies, for example, in self-confidence, in goal-oriented
behavior, in grip and stick behavior, as well as in the guarding phases.

6.6.4.  Insufficient: Lacking self-confidence, strong deficiencies with respect to
hardness, and disinterest in the helper.



6.7.  Measurements and Weights  

The breed survey secretary or an assistant may weigh the dogs and take
measurements for chest depth and chest circumference. The breed survey
master must take measurements of the height at the withers.



6.8.  Examination of Standing Dog and Evaluation of Movement  

During this examination, the breed survey master writes the breed survey report.
The handler must refrain as much as possible from influencing the dog during
this examination.



6.9.  Reports and Certificates   

After completing the survey for each dog, the breed survey master announces
the results over the loudspeaker. The owners of the dogs receive a temporary
breed survey certificate signed by the breed survey master that shows the
survey result. This certificate is proof of breed survey and replaces the original
paperwork while the USA Breed Book Office is processing the breed survey.  



7.  BREED SURVEY  

7.1.  Survey Class 1  

Survey Class 1 is the highest breed survey classification and is awarded to dogs
recommended for breeding. This class is limited to dogs that conform to the
breed characteristics as follows:  

7.1.1.  Measurements, weight, and structure conform to the standard.

7.1.2.  Overall temperament is self-confident and good-natured, with TSB rating of
“pronounced.”

7.1.3.  Faultless dentition with no missing teeth; however, double premolars #1
are allowed.



7.2.  Survey Class 2  

Survey Class 2 is the lower breed survey classification and is awarded to dogs
approved for breeding. This class includes dogs with the following faults:  

7.2.1.  Minor anatomical faults.

7.2.2.  Oversized or undersized up to 1 cm, measured at the withers (maximum is
males 66 cm/ bitches 61 cm and minimum is males 59 cm/bitches 54 cm).

7.2.3.  TSB rating of “present.”

7.2.4.  Dentition faults as follows:

·      Missing one premolar #1 or one incisor

·      Missing two premolars #1

·      Missing one premolar #1 and one incisor

·      Missing one premolar #2

·      Slight level bite of the middle incisors



7.3. Upgrading of Survey Class  

The owner of a dog surveyed in Class 2 (initial or repeat survey) has the option of
presenting the dog again for a breed survey improvement in the first year of the
current breed survey. Application for survey rating upgrade is possible one time
for both the initial survey and resurvey.  

7.4.  One-Year Deferment   

A one-year deferment is possible for the following reasons:  

7.4.1.  The physical development of the dog is not advanced enough for
surveying, but the dog is expected to reach desirable development.

7.4.2.  The TSB evaluation of the dog is insufficient to pass the breed survey.

7.4.3.  A one-year deferment is only possible one time for the same reason.  

If the dog fails a second time for the same reason, the dog is not suitable for
surveying.



7.5.  Not Suitable for Survey  

The following faults preclude a breed survey:  

7.5.1.  Considerable anatomical faults.

7.5.2.  Oversized or undersized more than 1 cm, measured at the withers
(maximum is males 66 cm/ bitches 61 cm and minimum is males 59 cm/bitches 54
cm).

7.5.3.  Testicle faults.

7.5.4.  Dentition faults as follows:

·      Missing one premolar #3

·      Missing two incisors

·      Missing one premolar #2 plus one incisor

·      Missing one premolar #2 plus one premolar #1

·      Missing two premolar #2

7.5.5.  Considerable pigment deficiencies.

7.5.6.  Long coat or long stock coat.



7.6.  Survey Term   

7.6.1.  The term for initial survey and survey after lapse is two years. The dog
must be presented again during the second year of the current breed survey for
the resurvey for life.

7.6.2.  Resurvey is effective for life.

7.6.3.  Upgrading of survey class does not extend the original survey term.

7.6.4.  The survey term for females that are in an advanced stage of pregnancy or
are nursing may be extended for an additional year without the female being
presented for evaluation (survey extension). Survey extension is not possible for
any other reasons and may be granted one time. On the day of the breed survey
the following proof must be presented:

•         Pregnancy of at least 42 days by submission of the stud certificate/report of
breeding card.

•         Certificate issued by the local breed warden or a licensed veterinarian
verifying that the female is visibly pregnant.

•         Certificate issued by the local breed warden or a licensed veterinarian
verifying that the female is nursing if no more than 42 days have elapsed from the
whelping day to the survey day.



7.7.            Termination of Survey Status  

7.7.1.  If a surveyed dog is not presented for resurvey, the breed survey status
expires at the end of the calendar year.

7.7.2.  Breed survey status is terminated by “breed survey status repeal.” Breed
survey status is repealed upon application of the breed survey master or breed
judge directed to the USA Breed Book Office. Breed survey status may be
suspended during the time the application is being processed.



8.  BREED SURVEY CERTIFICATE AND BREED SURVEY BOOK  

The USA Breed Book Office returns to the owner in a timely manner the original
documents submitted at the breed survey. Upon processing of the breed survey,
the breed survey results will be published in the next possible issue of the USA
magazine. The owner receives a translation of the breed survey report from the
USA Breed Book Office. The breed survey result is noted on the original pedigree.

Data on dogs surveyed during each year are published, separated by gender, in
the USA Breed Survey Book. The Breed Survey Book contains comprehensive
information for the dogs recommended or suitable for breeding, including
physical characteristics and temperament. Together with the comments of the
breed survey master with respect to breeding recommendations, this information
makes this book a comprehensive and indispensable reference source for the
serious breeder.